A microphone is a kind of sensor which transforms sound to electric signal. Mics are used for various applications like tape recorders, telephones, karaoke systems, motion pictures, hearing aids, television, radio etc. and are also in the computers. The instrument was first invented by Emile Berliner in 1876 and the first mic was used as phone voice transmitter.
Microphones are available in different designs to pick from according to your purposes. However, there are two most common microphones used these days, dynamic and condenser mics. Here is a short discussion on both of them.
Gauging Ears
Dynamic
These microphones are actually manufactured to perform in rough environments such as the live show concerts. They are quite durable to withstand rough handling. However, do not expect a good vocal clarity in this case as you get from the professional recordings. The dynamic option comes with a light plastic diaphragm which stays attached to a wire coil. Then you will find a magnet either at the centre or surrounding the coil. As you sing or talk into the dynamic option, the audio waves of the voice vibrate the diaphragm. It in turn vibrates the coil and then moves it according to the magnet. It leads the current to run via the coil and go out to the amplifier or speaker. The dynamic option is known to be "velocity sensitive". It implies that the current amount here is assessed by the vibration speed of the coil and diaphragm.
Condenser
The word "condenser" is basically the old word form of "capacitor". It implies to the electric component which stores and releases energy much faster when compared to a battery. The condenser option also uses diaphragm to grasp the audio waves. This diaphragm is placed quite close to a strong metal plate. A power supply or battery is connected with both metal plates and diaphragms and creates the electric potential in between them. It implies that the assembly could hold a definite current amount based on the given distance in between them. As the diaphragm starts to vibrate, it starts moving according to metal plate structure and the current amount the assembly could hold (termed as its "capacitance") gets changed. When these plates are nearer they could hold greater energy (capacitance enhances) and thus the assembly pulls current from a power source. But if the plates get further, they hold lesser energy (capacitance goes down) and hence the assembly releases or discharges current which the assembly can't store any more. By gauging the power amount discharged or drawn, the condenser option converts audio waves to electrical energy which in turn gets transmitted to recording equipment or speakers. The condenser mics are best suitable for recording studios.
A Short Discussion On Dynamic And Condenser Microphones
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